Contents: As a product of human thought, the word "culture" encompasses a great deal. A system of thought and theory is known as ideological culture, which is the theoretical base underlying various modes of culture. In ancient China, ideological culture usually involved Confucianism; and Buddhism. In addition, traditional Chinese cultures also include historical and cultural relics, such as pottery and porcelain, bronze, jade, silver, gold, and lacquer, bronze mirrors, and antique coins and currency; and art forms such as calligraphy and painting.